Sorption of PAHs, PCBs, Phenols and BTEX Hydrocarbon by Groundwater Solid Media and Destruction in ClO2/UV Solution Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Concern over the behavior and remediation of dissolved hydrophobic organic contaminants in groundwater at oil and gas facilities has led to this research investigation. In this study, sorption of PAHs, PCBs, Phenols, benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene and xylenes (BTEX) hydrocarbon from groundwater onto a subsoil core sample was examined as well as their destruction in ClO2/UV solution systems whereby methanol was the carrier solvent. All sorbate-sorbent systems yielded the S-type isotherms indicating co-operative interactions among sorbed organic species. Sorption of the sorbates could be best represented mathematically by the Freundlich equation with 1/n values ranging from 0.4338 to 2.226. Empirical Kf values ranged from 0.89 to 3.049. It is postulated that sorption of sorbates occurs through a combination of hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and hydrophobic interactions. Off site travel time for the sorbates ranged from 145 to 80,817 years. Destruction of solutes in UV/ClO2 solution systems is believed to occur through UV quantum vibration enhancement in molecules and free radical processes. Under the most efficient treatment system, 76 to 98% of the chemicals of concern were destroyed. No dioxins or furans were formed as by-products in any of the treatment systems investigated.This highly effective ClO2/UV destructive method has the potential to be applied as a new risk management approach for remediating recalcitrant organic contaminants in impacted groundwater.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".