ANALYSIS OF SUICIDAL ATTEMPTS INSCHIZOPHRENICS" N ASRAM HOSPITAL, ELURU
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Schizophrenia is a complex neurobehavioral disorder that appears to be closely associated with suicidal behavior. Suicide is a major cause of premature death among patients suffering from schizophrenia.The present study is carried to study the frequency of suicide attempts in persons with schizophrenia and to compare various clinical and socio demographic variables of patients suffering from schizophrenia with and without suicide attempts, in search of possible risk factors for suicide in schizophrenia. METHODOLOGY 100 consecutive patients suffering from schizophrenia based on ICD-10 diagnostic criteria,fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria, attending the outpatient department were studied using Semi-structured proforma, SAPS, SANS,CDSS,Beck’s Suicide intent scale and clinical interview.The study is a cross sectional descriptive study.Statistical analysis was done using the chi-square test and the unpaired t-test. RESULTS Out of 100 patients studied, 27% had attempted suicide(n=27). Individuals who had a family history of suicide,prominent positive symptoms and depressive features,who were in their early stages of illness(first few years), had more suicidal attempts compared to those who did not have. We did not find any significant association between the various demographic variables,subtype of illness,negative symptoms,duration of illness, and the suicidal behavior. CONCLUSIONS People suffering from schizophrenia are at a highrisk for making suicidal attempts, especially when the illness is acute and severe, in early stages, when accompanied by depressive symptoms. Early identification of risk factors and employment of possible preventive strategies,and effective monitoring of treatment would definitely make us keep a step towards meeting one of the greatest unmet challenges in psychiatry, “Suicide inSchizophrenia.” LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CDSS Calgary Depression rating scale for schizophrenia D-FEN D fenfluramine DST Dexamethasone suppression test EEG ElectroEncephaloGraphy EPS Extrapyramidal symptoms 5-HTR Serotonin receptor 5-HTTgene Serotonin transporter gene IL-6 Interleukin 6 MAO A Monoamineoxidase A PRL Prolactin REM Rapid Eye Movement sleep SANS Scale for assessment of negative symptoms SAPS Scale for assessment of positive symptoms SNP Single nucleotide polymorphism TPH 1 Tryptophan hydroxylase1 gene INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a complex neurobehavioral disorder that appears to be closely associated with suicidal behavior. Schizophrenia is associated with an excess premature mortality, up to 40% of this excess premature mortality can be attributed to suicide and unnatural deaths1. Suicide is a major cause of premature death among patients suffering from schizophrenia2,3. It reduces the life expectancy of those afflicted by approximately 10 years. About 25% of schizophrenic patients make at least one suicide attempt in their lifetime People with schizophrenia are known to die much earlier than expected5.Lifetime suicide risk is 4.9% for people with schizophrenia6. Detection of those at risk is clinically important, but risk prediction is known to be imprecise7. Inskip et al performed a meta-analysis on suicide among patients with affective disorder, alcoholism, and schizophrenia, and estimated that the lifetime risk of suicide was 4% for schizophrenia an estimate for schizophrenia that is consistent with the estimate of Palmer et al10.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".