Quality Risks Associated with the Utilization of Fusarium Head Blight Infected Malting Barley
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) has adversely affected the quality of barley grown in the northern Great Plains of the United States and the eastern Prairie Provinces of Canada since 1993. Objectives of this study were to document the occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON) on barley within North Dakota and Minnesota, investigate relationships among FHB, DON, and malt quality, and to determine at what level FHB/DON-contaminated barley can be safely utilized for the production of quality malt. Since 1993, mean DON levels have ranged from 10.3 to 0.4 μg/g, with a corresponding 81 to 32% of the regional barley crop in excess of 0.5 μg/g. Strong relationships were not observed between either kernel size or kernel weight and DON. As a consequence, cleaning is unlikely to achieve significant reductions in DON levels in most cases. In terms of barley and malt quality, the strongest relationships were observed between barley DON and malt DON and malt DON and wort color. However, malt DON levels could not be reliably predicted from barley at <1.0 μg/g. Barley with a DON level of <1.0 μg/g produced acceptable malt.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".