Experiments on the Fracture of Polycrystalline Ice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Results are presented for a series of indentation tests that were designed to study ice failure processes under varying loading conditions. A high-speed video camera was used to link load trace events (i.e. load spikes and drops, etc) with failure processes. It was shown that large-scale fractures and spalls are directly correlated with significant drops in load. Thin-sectioning of the samples showed the existence of a damaged layer of ice during testing. Micro-cracking, crushing, and recrystallization were all present in a zone beneath the indenter. This is consistent with the current description of a high-pressure zone, providing confidence in the current ice-structure interaction models understanding the role played by such mechanical processes as large-scale fracture, spalling, and damage on global load reduction. During an ice-structure interaction the majority of the force will be transferred to the structure through a series of relatively small zones of high pressure (HPZs). These HPZs vary in both time and location throughout the interaction (Fig. 1 (a)). They are influential in the evolution of the interaction since their presence is linked to localized spalling, large-scale fracture, damage and softening of ice in the interaction area. When the HPZ occurs near the edge of an ice-sheet large-scale fractures can be precipitated. These fracture events significantly reduce the load that is felt by the structure (Jordaan, 2001). In the vicinity of the HPZs, damaged ice forms in a layer as shown in Fig. 1 (b). In the center of the HPZ, where the confining pressures are highest, the damaged layer likely consists of a region of recrystallized and pressure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".