Sarcoidosis Can Present with Necrotizing Granulomas Histologically: Two Cases of Ulcerated Sarcoidosis and Review of the Literature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disorder with cutaneous involvement present in 25% of cases. The presence of naked granulomas histologically is the hallmark of sarcoidosis. The presence of necrotizing granulomas is highly suggestive of other granulomatous conditions and leads the clinician to pursue other diagnoses, such as infectious causes. OBJECTIVES: We describe two cases of sarcoidosis in which necrotizing granulomas were present on biopsy. Both patients had ulcerated cutaneous lesions of sarcoidosis. In one case, the presence of these atypical histologic features led to a delay in diagnosis of almost 10 years. We review the various histopathologic findings associated with cutaneous sarcoidosis and discuss a potential connection between ulcerated sarcoidosis and atypical histologic findings. CONCLUSION: When atypical histopathologic features are present, the differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis should not be excluded.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".