Hybrid Approach of Ontology and Image Clustering for Automatic Generation of Hierarchic Image Database
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposes a hybrid approach of ontology and image clustering to automatically generate hierarchic image database.In the field of computer vision, "generic object recognition" is one of the most important topics.Generic object recognition needs three types of research: feature extraction, pattern recognition, and database preparation; this paper targets at database preparation.The proposed approach considers both object semantic and visual features in images.In the proposed approach, the semantic is covered by ontology framework, and the visual similarity is covered by image clustering based on Gaussian Mixture Model.The image database generated by the proposed approach covered over 4,800 concepts (where 152 concepts have more than 100 images) and its structure was hierarchic.Through the subjective evaluation experiment, whether images in the database were correctly mapped or not was examined.The results of the experiment showed over 84% precision in average.It was suggested that the generated image database was sufficiently practicable as learning database for generic object recognition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".