<i>In Vitro</i> Cytotoxicity and <i>In Vivo</i> Tissue Response Study of Foreign Bodies Iron Based Materials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A foreign body is any object originating outside the body. It may migrate from its entry site and cause pain, inflammation and infection. This study aims to examine in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo tissue response at different implantation sites of two iron-based foreign body (FeFB) specimens: pure Fe wire, Cr-coated Fe wire, and SS316L wire as control. In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed towards rat smooth muscle cells with direct method of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. In vivo tissue response was examined using mice animal model until day 14 after surgical implantation in subcutaneous nape area and intramuscular right femoral muscle. Cell viability, surface morphology and Fe ion release were examined. Implant density and tissue response were examined by using radiographic imaging and histology, respectively. Results showed that both FeFB specimens exhibited similar cell viability with SS316L. Iron ion concentration was higher in both FeFB medium compared to that of SS316L and with oxide layer formation on their surface. Radiographic analysis showed that the density of both FeFB implants end-side was increased. Meanwhile, histological tissue response at intramuscular sites for FeFB specimens showed a prominent inflammatory response compared to SS316L. Detailed analysis on cell and tissue-material interactions of the iron-based foreign body specimens is discussed further in this article.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".