Bibliographic record
Abstract
Modifications to the novel ice crushing apparatus used by Gagnon and Daley (2006) to reduce its compliance in order to eliminate in-plane fractures and related behavior in the ice specimens have been completed. The first set of experiments with the modified apparatus has been performed using large single crystals of ice, lab-grown polycrystalline ice and iceberg ice. Rectangular thick sections (1 cm thickness) of ice were confined between two thick borosilicate glass plates and crushed at -10 °C from one edge face at a rate of 1 cm/s using a transparent Plexiglas platen (1 cm thickness) inserted between the plates. Visual data were recorded from the side using high-speed video (1000 images/s) and vertically through the platen using regular video. Pressure measurements were obtained at the platen/ice interface utilizing the system's newly calibrated unique pressure sensor. Ice contact consisted of intact hard zones that sustained pressures in the 40-70 MPa range and pulverized ice where the pressure was generally lower. As in the previous report, the production and flow of liquid in a thin layer at the intact ice/platen interface was evident. Essentially, the apparatus provided visual data of a 2-D slice of ice during crushing as though it was part of a larger piece of ice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".