Bibliographic record
Abstract
Live importation of the Chinese mitten crab, (Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne-Edwards, 1854) was banned by both California and the United States in the late 1980s because of concerns about potential damage to levees, rice crops, and natural ecosystems, and because it harbors a human parasite. Nevertheless, mitten crabs were present in San Francisco Bay by 1992 and well established by 1994, providing the most recent example in a late-twentieth-century pulse of human mediated transoceanic and interoceanic crab dispersals. Of 10 mechanisms available for the long-distance transport of crabs, evidence from the history of the mitten crab's global spread, data on ship traffic, the sampling of ballast water fauna, and recent patterns of introductions support the hypothesis of introduction via ballast water. Alternatively, the pattern of governmental interception of mitten crabs, their high market value, and continuing pressure to lift the import ban suggest that introduction may have been achieved via an intentional, private-party inoculation to establish a food resource. For either mechanism, the immediate source is more likely Asia than Europe. Amid a global burgeoning of potential transport mechanisms for estuarine and neritic organisms, knowledge of which mechanisms are in fact acting is essential for directing efforts to moderate the pace of such introductions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.989 | 0.992 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".