Electrospinning of Colloidal Lignin in Poly(ethylene oxide)<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dimethylformamide Solutions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrospinning of sulfur-free softwood lignin (SFSL) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is reported as is and with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). SFSL macromolecules behave as rigid spheres, instead of free draining macromolecules in DMF. Hence they are investigated as colloids. Colloidal SFSL generates uniform fibers only at the volume fraction of 0.63. It is due to the sufficiently high longest mean relaxation time at the volume fraction of 0.63. Colloidal SFSL below the volume fraction of 0.63 does not exhibit any measurable viscoelasticity and also does not generate any uniform fibers. Bead-free fibers are generated at volume fractions below 0.63 only by adding PEO. PEO presence brings elasticity to colloidal SFSL and produces bead-free fibers only above the entanglement concentration of PEO in DMF. The presence of SFSL macromolecules does not cause any interactions with PEO molecules, except it reduces the available of free volume for PEO chains in DMF.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".