Evaluation of responsiveness to change to psychosocial group therapy (PGT) and to the process of dying of psychosocial and quality of life (QOL) measures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
8035 Background: Responsiveness, the ability of a measure to accurately detect change when it has occurred, is essential for questionnaires used in intervention trials. Good responsiveness minimizes false negative trials and lowers the sample size (SS) needed to detect an effect. Methods: Using data from the “Breast Expressive-Supportive Therapy” study in metastatic breast cancer (Goodwin PJ NEJM 2001), we assessed group responsiveness to two types of change: the PGT (between group difference of within person changes) and the process of dying (within person changes). Questionnaires are: Profile of Mood States (POMS), Impact of Events Scale (IES), Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS), EORTC QLQ-C30, Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) and a pain visual analog scale (PAIN-VAS). The effect size (ES) is the difference in scores divided by the baseline standard deviation (SD) (positive reflecting improvement, negative reflecting deterioration). Results were similar when ES was calculated using SD of change. Results: POMS was the most responsive to PGT (ES 0.30). The MAC, IES and the EORTC emotional subscale were not responsive (ES 0.09, 0.02, -0.01 respectively). The PAIS was intermediate (ES 0.24). For the process of dying, responsiveness was high for the EORTC (ES functional scales -0.71, global QOL -0.70 and symptoms -0.57), PAIN-VAS (ES -0.79) and PAIS (ES -0.65). It was low for POMS (ES -0.22), MAC (-0.21) and IES (0.11). Based on the relative efficiency (square of T-statistic ratio), SS needed to detect what was observed to be an ES of 0.3 for PGT using POMS as the standard are: 348 pts using POMS, 621 using PAIS and > 1000 for the other questionnaires. For the process of dying, SS needed to detect what was observed to be an ES of -0.7 in global QOL using EORTC as the standard are: 16 pts using the EORTC, 27 using the PAIS and 107 using the POMS. Conclusions: This study shows that POMS is the most responsive questionnaire to the effect of PGT,whereas the EORTC and PAIS (addressing symptoms and function) are the most responsive to end of life deterioration. Most responsive questionnaires require the smallest SS. Thus, choice of questionnaire is dependent on the research question. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.082 | 0.135 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".