Safety of long distance aeromedical transport of the cardiac patient: a retrospective study.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to provide data regarding the safety of long distance air transport of cardiac patients, establish a time frame for safe transport, and assess current guidelines for postmyocardial infarct (post-MI) transport. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all long distance aeromedical transports performed by Montreal-based Skyservice Lifeguard from January 1 to October 1, 1998. RESULTS: 109 cardiac patients were transported; 83 by air ambulance (AA), and 26 commercially (C). Diagnoses included MI (63%), unstable angina (31%), congestive heart failure (21%), and arrhythmia (17%). Patients were transported a mean of 7 d (AA) vs. 13.7 d (C) after presentation. Inflight complications, occurring in 10% of AA and 4% of C flights, were minor (chest pain, desaturation, and hypotension), and resolved quickly. In 51 post-MI AA patients, complication rate for transport > 7 d after admission was 0% (vs. 14% <7 d), and > 72 h after last chest pain was 6% (vs. 18% <72 h). Comparing uncomplicated (n = 25) vs. complicated (n = 26) MI reveals fewer complications for transport 0-3 d (13% vs. 50%) and 4-7 d (9% vs. 14%) after admission, and 48-72 h after last chest pain (0% vs. 100%). CONCLUSIONS: AA transport of cardiac patients can safely be performed earlier than guidelines for C flights. AA transport appears safe after complicated MI by day 7 or > 72 h chest pain free, and after uncomplicated MI by day 3 or > 48 h chest pain free. Future guidelines for aeromedical transport post-MI should distinguish between C and AA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".