Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aims-To determine whether the addition of inhaled corticosteroids to oral corticosteroid treatment reduces relapses in acute asthma patients treated and discharged from the emergency department.Design and setting-Prospective, randomised, placebo controlled, double blinded clinical trial, in a community hospital emergency department in Canada.Patients and methods-Patients between the ages of 16 and 60 years with a clinical diagnosis of acute asthma considered suitable for home discharge were referred for assessment for enrolment.Enrolled patients were randomly assigned in a double blinded fashion to either the treatment group (inhaled budesonide two puVs twice a day for 21 days), or to the control group (identical placebo two puVs twice a day for 21 days).All patients were discharged with a non-tapering course of oral prednisolone.Patients were followed up until relapse or for 21 days.Exclusion criteria included recent oral or inhaled corticosteroid treatment, complicating comorbid medical illnesses, pregnancy, breast feeding, attending for repeat scripts, geographically inaccessible, language/communication problems, first diagnosis of asthma, already enrolled in the study, pretreatment peak expiratory flow >80% of predicted for age, sex, height.Outcome measures-Primary outcome measured was incidence of relapse within 21 days, defined as an unscheduled visit for worsening asthma symptoms.Secondary outcomes measured included responses to an asthma quality of life questionnaire, frequency of 2 agonist use in the previous 24 hour period, symptom scoring by patients, global improvement assessment by patients, and pulmonary function testing of patients.Analysis-Primary analyses were based on an intention to treat principle.Time to relapse was analysed using a Kaplan-Meier survival curve and the log rank test.Baseline patient variations (age, sex, severity) were adjusted for using logistic regression.The secondary analyses used t tests for continuous, normally distributed results and 2 test for categorical variables.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.800 | 0.682 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".