"Ruthenische" (Ukrainische) Sprach- Und Vorstellungswelten in Den Galizischen Volksschullesebüchern der Jahre 1871 Und 1872

Michael Moser. Ruthenische (ukrainische) Sprach- und Vorstellungswelten in den galizischen Volksschullesebuchern der Jahre 1871 und 1872. Slavische Sprachgeschichte, Band 2. Vienna: Lit-Verlag, 2007. 272 pp. Bibliography. Index. euro24.90, paper.This book presents findings resulting from the author's examination of the language and the content of four textbooks published in Lviv in the years 1871 and 1872: a first-grade primer and three readers that were used in the second, third, and fourth grades, respectively, of elementary schools in Galicia. The language of such textbooks used in Galicia, which at the time of their use was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, had not been previously studied, although this language was almost the only variety of Ukrainian used in the schools. (In Ukrainian areas belonging to the Russian Empire, publishing books in Ukrainian was prohibited from 1863 to 1905, and school instruction in Ukrainian was virtually non-existent.) Contemporary Standard Ukrainian is based not on a western (Galician), but on an eastern norm; nevertheless, Galicia was where elementary-school textbooks were used in the late 19th century to familiarize broad segments of the population with an incipient Ukrainian scholarly vocabulary as well as with a general Ukrainian national consciousness. They thus contributed to the important task of developing, disseminating and maintaining a Ukrainian literary language.With respect to the language of the textbooks, Moser's research reveals that three of the textbooks, while based on earlier versions, had been heavily revised by omitting Russian Church Slavonic elements in favor of Galician Ukrainian features. The fourth textbook (a fourth-grade reader produced by Ostap Levyts'kyi) contained fewer specifically Galician dialectal grammatical features than the other three (for example, it omitted personal endings in the past tense and the conditional mood, substituted stressed personal pronouns for enclitic ones, and eliminated the mobility of the reflexive particle). It thus adhered on the whole to an eastern Ukrainian grammatical norm, even though its author (Levyts'kyi)-perhaps for the sake of his intended (Galician) audience-had been far from consistent in his use of the eastern variety. Indeed, none of the other textbooks actually exhibited such tendencies with absolute consistency, either. Still, they differed considerably in this regard from the previous generation of elementary-school textbooks-a reflection of the Western Ukrainian cultural paradigm's switch from Russophiles to Ukrainophiles or Populists (Narodovtsi). With respect to vocabulary, all four textbooks exhibit a lexis that for the most part has remained in use to the present day, a fact which Moser demonstrates by checking various lexemes against those contained in two 20th-century Ukrainian dictionaries compiled by Kuzelia-Rudnyts'kyi in 1943 (western norm) and Kyrychenko from 1953 to 1963 (eastern norm), respectively. …

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