Molybdenum as a tracer to anthropogenic activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The trace metal molybdenum (Mo) is not very abundant in the environment,but has numerous applications in anthropogenic activities. For instance,Mo sulphide (MoS2) is a component of diesel fuel. Mo is used as a catalyst in manyengines and is believed to be the most efficient catalyst for the hydro-cracking of bitumen,and has even been found in the emissions of coal-fired power plants. Hence,anthropogenic activities may release Mo in larger amounts to the environment thatmay affect terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems (e.g. via its coupling with the N cycle).We have therefore investigated the potential of Mo concentration and isotopicabundances as a tracer of androgenic emissions. Using a method of elemental doublespiking, we measured Mo concentrations and isotopic composition of aerosolsthroughout the city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Airborne Mo was collected at severallocations, ranging from an isolated weather station to a busy bus garage wherebuses were left to idle for extended periods of time. Mo concentrations ranged from0.07 ng/m3 in the laboratory 19.0 ng/m3 in the bus garage. The isotopic compositionswere variable from throughout the sampling sites. These results suggest thatMo has the potential to be used as a tracer of anthropogenic activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".