Breastfeeding and sexuality immediately post partum.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between breastfeeding and resumption of vaginal intercourse; to determine the association between these behaviours and age, parity, marital status, mode of delivery, and contraceptive use; and to identify factors associated with resumption of intercourse among Canadian women in the early postpartum period. DESIGN: Prospective survey. SETTING: Eleven obstetricians' offices in three Ontario communities between August and December 2002. PARTICIPANTS: Women attending their first postpartum visit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Resumption of vaginal intercourse. RESULTS: Of 316 respondents, 181 (57.3%) were currently breastfeeding, and 167 (52.8%) had not yet resumed vaginal intercourse. Mean age of the mothers was 28.7 +/- 5.3 years; mean age of their babies was 6.5 +/- 1.1 weeks. This was a first child for 50.3% and a second child for 32.6%. Most women (72.8%) were married; another 19.3% were in common-law relationships. Married women were more likely to breastfeed (P = .001), as were those with higher parity (P = .008). Multivariable logistic regression identified five variables significantly associated with resumption of intercourse by 6 weeks post partum. The two most statistically significant variables were breastfeeding (exclusively or supplementing with bottle) and baby's age in weeks (P < .001 for both). Mode of delivery (vaginal delivery with no tearing, compared with cesarean section or vaginal delivery with tearing) was also a highly significant predictor (P = .003), as was higher parity (P = .003). Older maternal age was weakly associated with resumption of intercourse (P = .049). The 167 women who had not resumed intercourse were asked to indicate their main reasons: 161 responded, citing a total of 215 reasons (54 cited more than one reason). The most common reasons were lack of interest (18.6%), being too tired (16.8%), being afraid of intercourse being painful (16.8%), physician told them not to (15.6%), and thinking they should wait 6 weeks (14.4%). CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding women who delay resumption of intercourse during the postpartum period might benefit from open discussion of breastfeeding, sexuality, and contraception immediately post partum.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".