Paleolimnology of the Lake of the Woods southern basin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To quantify the environmental history of the southern basin of Lake of the Woods (Ontario, \nManitoba and Minnesota), seven core locations were selected for retrospective analyses. Primary \ngoals were to determine pre-European settlement conditions and track the timing and extent of \nanthropogenic impacts and remediation. Sediments were dated using isotopic analyses and fossil \nremains, in concord with other stratigraphic indicators (organic and inorganic materials, \nsedimentation rates, other biological entities), were used to reconstruct the ~150-year history of \nthe lake. Diatom assemblages were assessed from sediment intervals and inferred trophic \nconditions in the profiles were derived using a regional diatom-based model for Minnesota lakes. \nNutrient reconstructions indicated a period of cultural eutrophication throughout much of the 20th \ncentury. Despite a known reduction in anthropogenic nutrient flux to the lake in recent decades, \nthere has been no apparent reversal in eutrophication in the pelagic system. Contemporary \nobservations indicate that blooms of blue-green algae are becoming a greater problem. It appears \nthat legacy nutrient recycling and other environmental drivers are maintaining the current \ncondition of pelagic nutrient enrichment. Sedimentary analyses also indicated that physical \nchanges to the lake resulting from warming may be contributing in small part to the recent \nreorganization of algal assemblages.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".