Vitamin D supplementation trial in infancy: body composition effects at 3 years of age in a prospective follow‐up study from Montréal
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Background The impact of vitamin D status on body composition is not well understood. Objectives Evaluate how vitamin D supplementation in infancy affects body composition at 3 years of age. Methods Double‐blind randomized trial of 132, 1‐month‐old healthy, breastfed infants randomly assigned to receive oral vitamin D 3 supplements of 400, 800, 1200 or 1600 IU d −1 for 11 months. In the present analysis, 87 (66%) returned at 3 years of age. Body composition was measured using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry and plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results Anthropometry, body composition, diet, activity and demographics were similar across dosage groups at 3 years. Mean 25(OH)D concentration from 1 month to 3 years was higher ( P < 0.001) in the 1200 IU group than 800 and 400 IU groups. Children with 25(OH)D concentrations above 75 nmol L −1 had lower fat mass (~450 g; P = 0.049). In multiple linear regression, mean 25(OH)D was associated with lean mass percent ( β = 0.06; CI: 0.00, 0.12; P = 0.042), fat mass ( β = −11.29; CI: −22.06, −0.52; P = 0.048) and body fat percent ( β = −0.06; CI: −0.12, −0.01; P = 0.045). Conclusions Higher vitamin D status from infancy through to 3 years of age associates with leaner body composition.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it