Evaluation Of Static And Dynamic Postural Control In Athletes With Concussions During Recovery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Clinical static methods of balance assessment report recovery within 3-5 days post-concussion injury. However, recent evidence suggests persisting balance deficits beyond 30 days post-injury when evaluated by laboratory-grade tools and dynamic balance assessments. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in (1) postural control during a traditional quiet stance balance task; (2) an environmentally relevant dynamic balance task during three weeks of recovery in athletes with concussions (AC). METHODS: Seven collegiate AC and eleven healthy collegiate athletes completed a static balance assessment and an experimental environmentally relevant balance assessment, the WiiFit Soccer Heading Game, once a week for 22 days post-injury from a sport-related concussion. Peak Center of Pressure (CoP) Velocity in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions were calculated during quiet stance with eyes open and eyes closed (50Hz, AMTI) and the WiiFit Soccer Heading Game (100hz, AMTI). RESULTS: Mixed model ANOVAs (2 groups x 4 assessment periods) found significant differences in quiet stance eyes closed AP direction between groups at 24-48 hours (p=0.05) and 8 days (p=0.018) post-injury. The dynamic balance task observed significant differences between groups in the AP direction at 24-48 hours (p=0.05), 8 days (p=0.036), 15 days (p=0.026), and in the ML direction at 24-48 hours (p=0.003), 8 days (p=0.021), 15 days (p=0.032), and 22 days (p=0.05) post-injury. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest AC recovered quiet stance postural stability within 9-15 days post-injury, but continue to experiencing lingering balance instability beyond 22 days of recovery when evaluated on a dynamic balance assessment, the WiiFit Soccer Heading Game. One explanation for these findings is that the WiiFit Soccer Heading Game provides a functional balance task that incorporates a secondary cognitive task, which tests participants under a dual task paradigm. The implication of this finding is important as the WiiFit Soccer Heading Game may present an environmentally relevant dynamic balance assessment for returning athletes to play and could aid clinicians in making more reliable diagnostic and recovery recommendations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".