A Storm Over This Court: Law, Politics, and Supreme Court Decision Making in Brown v. Board of Education (2013) by Jeffrey D. Hockett
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Brown v. the Board of Education decision of 1954 is considered a watershed moment not only for U.S. legal history but also for that country's modern history.Often referred to simply as Brown, the decision is still considered one of the key events of the nation's history through the mid-20th century.The case was actually named after the first of five plaintiffs from around the American South and Midwest who petitioned the federal government for constitutional rights to equal public education.As such, Brown did mark a period of change in American race relations for the better.The decision's centrality to this history rings true especially in relation to the acclaimed campaigns for rights waged by African American communities throughout the U.S. South, where legal or Jim Crow racial segregation existed from the mid-to-late-19th century.Brown became the signpost for impending social change during the 1950s and culminated in the passage of civil rights legislation in 1964 and 1965.Collectively, this body of legal jurisprudence and congressional legislation ostensibly protected 14th Amendment rights once and for all.The march toward social change during this period was of course famously led by figures and organizations like Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and other church and student based movements who came to symbolize civil rights struggles in the United States to the world.The Brown decision did legally overturn the separate but equal doctrine that had been enshrined in the Plessy v. Ferguson case of 1896 wherein Jim Crow forms of racial segregation in public accommodations, transit, restaurants, schools, etc., were enabled by the highest court of the land.After the Brown decision, ongoing racial inequalities rooted in longstanding forms of economic injustic continued.As such, many scholars of civil rights and education now look to broader chronologies, periodizations, and regional foci, notably through studies of racial injustice in northern urban areas where discrimination was more subtle, beyond the southern-based locales that Brown helped highlight (Hall, 2005).Still, because of its signal impact, the Brown decision remains a major point of departure and discussion for many about the history of this period.As a result of its prominence in various historical literatures, the Brown decision has attracted a great deal of attention.As
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".