Accurate estimation of the glottal flow derivative using iteratively reweighted 1-norm minimization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The problem of estimating the exact shape of the glottal flow derivative (GFD) using reweighted 1-norm minimization of the second derivative of the GFD is addressed in this paper. By using physiological models of the glottal flow derivative, such as the Liljencrants-Fant (LF) and Rosenberg models, it is intuitively found that the second derivative of those models is highly sparse. Based on this observation an iteratively reweighted 1-norm minimization algorithm is proposed to accurately estimate the vocal tract of the speech signal by exploiting the sparsity of the second derivative of the GFD (the residual of the linear prediction model). An experimental study using a data set of 40 vowels /a/ and /e/, 20 for each, is conducted, showing the efficiency, in terms of the number of iterations and the total run-time reduction, of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, the results of estimating the GFD of two vowels /a/ & /e/ using Joint Source-Filter Model Optimization and our proposed method, demonstrate the accuracy, in terms of similarity to the physiological model and precise synthesis, of our proposed algorithm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".