Regulation of Systemic Acquired Resistance through the Interaction of Arabidopsis thaliana Transcription factors TGAI and TGA2 with NPRI
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana is an established model plant system for studying plantpathogen \ninteractions. The knowledge garnered from examining the mechanism of \ninduced disease resistance in this model system can be applied to eliminate the cost and \ndanger associated with current means of crop protection. \nA specific defense pathway, known as systemic acquired resistance (SAR), \ninvolves whole plant protection from a wide variety of bacterial, viral and fungal \npathogens and remains induced weeks to months after being triggered. The ability of \nArabidopsis to mount SAR depends on the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), the NPRI \n(non-expressor of pathogenesis related gene 1) protein and the expression of a subset of \npathogenesis related (PR) genes. NPRI exerts its effect in this pathway through \ninteraction with a closely related class of bZIP transcription factors known as TGA \nfactors, which are named for their recognition of the cognate DNA motif TGACG. \nWe have discovered that one of these transcription factors, TGA2, behaves as a \nrepressor in unchallenged Arabidopsis and acts to repress NPRI-dependent activation of \nPRJ. TGA1, which bears moderate sequence similarity to TGA2, acts as a transcriptional \nactivator in unchallenged Arabidopsis, however the significance of this activity is \nJ \nunclear. Once SAR has been induced, TGAI and TGA2 interact with NPRI to form \ncomplexes that are capable of activating transcription. Curiously, although TGAI is \ncapable of transactivating, the ability of the TGAI-NPRI complex to activate \ntranscription results from a novel transactivation domain in NPRI. This transactivation \ndomain, which depends on the oxidation of cysteines 521 and 529, is also responsible for \nthe transactivation ability of the TGA2-NPRI complex. Although the exact mechanism preventing TGA2-NPRI interaction in \nunchallenged Arabidopsis is unclear, the regulation of TGAI-NPRI interaction is based \non the redox status of cysteines 260 and 266 in TGAl. We determined that a \nglutaredoxin, which is an enzyme capable of regulating a protein's redox status, interacts \nwith the reduced form of TGAI and this interaction results .in the glutathionylation of \nTGAI and a loss of interaction with NPRl. \nTaken together, these results expand our understanding of how TGA transcription \nfactors and NPRI behave to regulate events and gene expression during SAR. \nFurthermore, the regulation of the behavior of both TGAI and NPRI by their redox \nstatus and the involvement of a glutaredoxin in modulating TGAI-NPRI interaction \nsuggests the redox regulation of proteins is a general mechanism implemented in SAR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".