Shifts in movement behavior of spawning fish under risk of predation by land-based consumers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Animals confront behavioral trade-offs whenever the movements required to attain suitable sites for reproduction or resource acquisition also increase exposure to predators. Hence, the consequences of such trade-offs should be considered in analyses of movement behavior. The objective of this study was to quantitatively link shifts in movement behavior of stream fish during the reproductive season to risk of mortality from land-based tetrapod predators. We tagged 30 brook trout with internal radio transmitters and extensively recorded both movement patterns and mortality from predation over the entire spatial range of the population. Our main result is that most of the individuals (19/30) had marked shifts in movement behavior, characterized by alternating periods of low and high movement rates, which were associated with marked shifts in mortality rate. Mortality rate increased from 0.016/day during periods of low movement rate (8.0 m/day; sheltering state) to 0.071/day during periods of high movement rate (91.0 m/day; searching state). Furthermore, individuals presenting no movement shift had low movement rate (9.6 m/day) and high mortality rate (0.096/day), in association with a preference for spawning ground. Mortality rates at the time of spawning were substantially greater than those previously reported in the literature and depended strongly on the movement state of the individuals and their use of spawning ground. Our quantitative analyses highlight the influence of within-individual variation in prey movement on risk of predation by land-based consumers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".