Facile Synthesis of Donut-like TiO<sub>2</sub>-SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposite Microspheres by a Two-step Hydrothermal Reaction and Subsequent Spray Drying Process and Its Electrochemical Lithium Storage Properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Donut-like TiO2-SnO2 nanocomposite microspheres were successfully synthesized via a facile two-step hydrothermal reaction and subsequent spray drying. The protonated titanate nanowires with H2Ti3O7 phase in the nanocomposite precursor transformed into not anatase TiO2 but TiO2(B) crystal structure even after calcination at 400 ?. And the substitutional solid solution (Sn, Ti)O2 with the same tetragonal rutile structure as SnO2 was formed. Moreover, the hierarchical donut-like structure in TiO2-SnO2 nanocomposite microspheres constructed by the second-step hydrothermal and spray drying treatment was maintained after calcination at 400 ?. The electrochemical test showed that the as-obtained TiO2-SnO2 nanocomposite microspheres reached an initial discharge capacity of 640 m Ah g-1 at a current density of 40 mA.g-1, which is much higher than the theoretical capacity of TiO2(B).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".