CCR5Δ32 mutation in Bosnian and Polish subjects with and without Crohn’s disease - a preliminary report
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: Chemokines and their receptors participate in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Few studies have confirmed that variants of CCR5 gene are correlated with susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease and Crohn’s disease. Data on prevalence of CCR5Δ32 mutation in Crohn’s disease in population from Poland and Bosnia and Herzegovina are lacking. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of CCR5Δ32 mutation and its association with Crohn’s disease in these populations. Methods: In this pilot study, we recruited 229 participants. Out of 60 participants from Bosnia and Herzegovina, 30 were controls; out of 169 participants from Poland, 83 were controls. We examined the prevalence of CCR5Δ32 mutation and compared with disease behavior/phenotype which was assessed according to Montreal classification. Participants were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and data were analyzed using the StatView computer software version 5.0 (SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC, USA). Results : Ileal localization was more frequent in Bosnian (40.0%) compared to Polish patients with Crohn’s disease (3.2%) ( χ 2 =26.07; p<0.0001). A2L2B1 and A2L3B1 were more frequent in Polish than in Bosnian patients with Crohn’s disease ( χ 2 =60.31; p<0.001). In Bosnian and Polish patients with Crohn’s disease mean frequency of Δ32 allele was 3.3% and 7.0%, and for Bosnian and Polish control groups 13.3% and 9.8%, respectively. Conclusion: CCR5Δ32 mutation may be associated with disease behavior and thereby may contribute to the observed heterogeneity of Crohn’s disease. Further studies with larger sample size in both countries are warranted. Keywords: genetic polymorphism, C-C chemokine receptor type 5, Crohn’s disease, Montreal classification
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".