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Record W2263356232

The United States Passport

2007· article· en· W2263356232 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Maurice Y. Hew

Bibliographic record

VenueSSRN Electronic Journal · 2007
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicCybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPolitical scienceHistory of the United StatesImmigrationImmigration reformState (computer science)Homeland securityRevocationLegislationLawBusinessImmigration lawEngineeringTerrorism
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

United States Citizens better rethink the general adage that Immigration Reform will not directly affect them. Only 27 % of United States Citizens are estimated to possess United States passports. Those United States Citizens with passports will have a distinct advantage over those 73% per cent of us who do not. For example, those United States Citizen without a passport might soon find it more difficult to travel and to procure employment. The Western Hemisphere Travel Initiate (WHTI) now requires one to have a United States' passport to travel aboard including trips to Canada and Mexico and proposed legislation seeks to make the United States passport the only acceptable document in a job application, thereby eliminating a state issued driver's license and a social security card. While the simple remedy would be to obtain a United States passport, application processing and new fee (security, passport, and execution) increases will give new meaning to red tape and timeliness. The new RFID (radio frequency identification) chips might make some United States Citizens guinea pigs and a more likely victim of identity theft. Moreover, some United States Citizens who are more than $5,000.00 in arrears in child support or those with criminal convictions might find themselves ineligible to obtain a United States passport. This article examines the United States passport by exploring its history and its uses. The article also addresses how one obtains a United States passport and the State Department's denial, revocation, and restriction processes. The article concludes that as a consequence of new laws and legislation, United States Citizens should get in line now rather than pay later.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.008
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.658
Threshold uncertainty score0.998

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0080.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0030.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.010
GPT teacher head0.287
Teacher spread0.277 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2007
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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