Le principe de la participation du public et la Commission mixte internationale
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Le principe de la participation du public se nourrit d'obligations provenant de plusieurs domaines du droit international, notamment le droit international de l'environnement et les droits de l'homme. Le régime sur les eaux partagées établi entre les États-Unis et le Canada donne une place particulière aux individus et communautés locales. Déjà dans le Traité relatif aux eaux limitrophes et aux questions originant le long de la frontière entre le Canada et les États-Unis de 1909, la possibilité de convoquer des audiences publiques était prévue. Depuis la Déclaration de Stockholm sur l'environnement humain de 1972 et ensuite la Déclaration de Rio sur l'environnement et le développement de 1992, le lien entre la participation du public et la protection de l'environnement est de plus en plus reconnu. L'Accord sur la qualité de l'eau dans les Grands Lacs de 1972, amendé en 1978, 1983, 1987 et 2012, a élargi les domaines de compétence de la Commission mixte internationale aux questions environnementales et a donné une place importante au public dans le processus de prise de décision en matière d'environnement afin de préserver l'écosystème des Grands Lacs. The principle of public participation is nourished by obligations from different areas of international law, such as international environmental law and human rights law. The regime on the shared waters between the United States and Canada gives a privileged place to individuals and local communities. The Treaty relating to boundary waters, and questions arising between the United States and Canada of 1909 already contained the possibility of calling public meetings. Since the 1972 Stockholm Declaration on the human environment and later the 1992 Rio Declaration on the environment and development, the relationship between public participation and environmental protection has been increasingly recognized. The Agreement on Great Lakes Water Quality of 1972, amended in 1978, 1983, 1987 and 2012, expanded the sectors of competence of the International Joint Commission to environmental issues and provides the public with a significant role in the decision-making process in environmental matters in order to protect the ecosystem of the Great Lakes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.016 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".