Effect of Kefiran and Milk Proteins Addition on the Rheological Behavior of Glucono-delta-Lactone Induced Milk Gels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The properties of kefiran as a texture modifier was evaluated providing new perspectives in understanding the rheology of fermented dairy products and the possibility of using this generally recognized as safe polysaccharide as an additive in dairy and other foods. For this purpose, the effect of kefiran, Sodium Caseinates (SCN) and Whey Proteins Concentrates (WPC) addition on the rheological behavior of glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) induced milk gels was evaluated. The acidified milk samples were prepared from homogenized and pasteurized full fat (3.5%) bovine milk with or without the addition of kefiran, SCN and WPC at 1.5% concentration. The incubation temperature was set at 37°C. According to the results, the incubation time required for the pH to reach 4.4 increased with increasing SCN and WPC concentration. Kefiran addition did not affect incubation time, however it did enhanced elasticity, apparent viscosity and thixotropic behavior of milk gels. The impact effect of kefiran on the rheological behavior of acid milk gels was more pronounced when compared to that of WPC, but lower to SCN effect. The protein matrix of GDL induced milk gels is governed by hydrophilic interactions in the presence of kefiran or WPC and by hydrophobic ones when SCN are added.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".