Evolution of Ca2+ signals with the development of nano‐domains in smooth muscle cells of the rabbit inferior vena cava
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have previously shown that phenylephrine(PE)‐induced oscillatory Ca 2+ signals underlie excitation‐contraction coupling in adult rabbit inferior vena cava (IVC). These oscillations are caused by waves of regenerative Ca 2+ release, which are maintained by sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) reloading via junctions formed between plasma membrane and SR (PM‐SR). Here we present evidence that these junctions together with oscillatory Ca 2+ signaling develop post‐natal. We examined the agonist‐induced Ca 2+ signal in in situ vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) of the neonatal rabbit IVC in relation to force generation. PE elicits a biphasic Ca 2+ signal with an initial Ca 2+ transient followed by a steady state plateau averaging 25 % of the peak value. In contrast to the adult, the plateau phase of PE‐induced Ca 2+ signal and tonic contraction in the VSMC of neonatal rabbit IVC was abolished by nifedipine. Employing electron microscopy, we found that VSMC in neonatal rabbit IVC posses less junctional SR, 6±1%, as compared with the adult rabbit IVC, 18±1%. Our results suggest that complex structures, defining a nano‐domain (~20 nm) and composition, including clusters of Ca 2+ and Na + transport proteins, of the PM‐SR junctions develops during the neo‐natal period and that this correlates with the appearance of oscillatory Ca 2+ signaling in VSMC. This study is supported by funding from the Canadian Institute of Health Research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".