Three different IgD cell populations in channel catfish, Ictaulurus punctatus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
IgM and IgD are currently the only immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules identified in catfish. While catfish IgM resembles mammalian IgM, catfish IgD is quite different. It is a chimeric molecule consisting of a rearranged VDJ region spliced to the Cμ1 domain, followed by seven Cδ domains and either a transmembrane or secreted tail. To study catfish IgD function, monoclonal anti‐Igδ antibodies were generated. Flow cytometry and cell separation techniques demonstrate the presence of three IgD + populations in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). Two are B lymphocyte‐like populations with one expressing messages for the membrane forms of Igμ and Igδ (IgM + /IgD), and the other only expressing the membrane form of Igδ (IgM − /IgD + ). Moreover, PCR protocols amplify appropriate rearranged Ig messages from both populations indicating that they contain functional B cells. In contrast to the situation in mammals where IgM − /IgD + B cells are rare, IgM − /IgD + cells can represent as much as 60% of the total PBL in some catfish. The third population consists of IgM − /IgD + granular‐like cells of unknown origin that do not express Igδ message, but appear to be armed with exogenous IgD via an IgD‐binding receptor. At the present, the function of the granulocytes is unknown, however they degranulate in response to cross‐linking of the surface bound IgD. Supported by NIH grant R01 AI19530; USDA grant 2005‐01812 .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".