Les gisements en mer des hydrocarbures transfrontalières: régime juridique en droit de la délimitation maritime (Transboundary Submarine Oil and Gas Deposits: Legal Order in the Law of Maritime Boundaries)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
French Abstract: L’extension des limites offshore sous juridiction des Etats cotiers est un acte de souverainete continue sur les espaces maritimes contigus aux territoires terrestres. Mais cet elargissement fonctionnel des zones marines et sous-marines s’accompagne generalement par des revendications concurrentes sur les ressources et explique, dans une large mesure, les nombreux contentieux de delimitation maritime entre etats cotiers. L’exploration et l’exploitation des gisements transfrontaliers de petrole ou de gaz s’inscrivent dans ce cadre conflictuel. En tant que ressources partagees et necessitant une cooperation entre Etats concernes, ces gisements posent des problemes quant a leur regime juridique et plus particulierement a leur delimitation. La presente etude tentera d’analyser ces problemes. Elle fera l’etat des solutions possibles au regard de la Convention sur le droit de la mer, de la pratique des Etats en general et plus singulierement de la pratique africaine. La jurisprudence de la Cour internationale de justice et des tribunaux d’arbitrage sera examinee. English Abstract: The extension of offshore limits under coastal states' jurisdiction is a matter of constant debate as to state sovereignty over the contiguous zone of maritime spaces. However this functional widening of marine and submarine areas usually entails concurrent claims on enclosed resources, and this largely explains the number of litigation cases on maritime boundary delimitation opposing coastal states. The exploration and exploitation of transboundary oil and gas deposits are sources of constant conflicts. Since these deposits are shared resources that require the cooperation of all states involved, points at issue are the determination of the legal order and especially of maritime boundaries. The present study focuses on these problems. It sets out possible solutions in light of the Convention on the Law of the Sea, state practice generally and more particularly African practice. The caselaw of the International Court of Justice and arbitral tribunals is examined.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".