Social Europe post Laval – a trade union outlook on transnational cooperation regarding wage dumping
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper aims at examining whether - and if so how - trade union cooperation in Europe have been affected by the ECJ ruling in the Laval case and the controversy over posted workers in general. Of particular interest is how the issue of posting is related to the discussion on social Europe and wage dumping. With the so called Laval quartet and the current economic crisis it seems as if social Europe has become a more real objective. The ETUC debate on a European legislation on minimum wage to prevent wage dumping is a notable example of this which also illustrates divergent views among European unions on the substance of social Europe. Nordic unions tend to be negative towards legislation on minimum wages whereas most other countries are generally positive. At the same time trade unions in Europe are under increasing pressure to articulate common policies and develop more transnational cooperation. In this context questions arise as to whether there still is a common approach to social Europe among trade unions in Europe as a basis for future cooperation. The paper relies on a web-based survey on union cooperation in Europe carried out among a large number of unions in fourteen European countries in 2010-11. All the member organizations of the ETUC and the EIFs were also included. Interviews with union officials in Belgium, Germany, Latvia, Spain and Sweden, conducted in 2011-12, provide additional information.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".