Revision of New World Leptocera Olivier (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The 35 species of Leptocera in the New World are revised and keyed. Five species groups are recognised: L. caenosa group (15 spp.: widespread), L. fontinalis group (10 spp.: North and Central America), L. fulva group (5 spp.: Florida and Neotropical), L. nigra group (1 sp.: Venezuela, introduced), L. plax group (3 spp.: Central America and Ecuador), species incertae sedis (L. schlingeri Richards: Ecuador, Peru). Twenty-one species are newly described (authorship by M.B.): L. argentinica sp.n., L. erratica sp.n., L. gongylotheca sp.n., L. longilimbata sp.n., L. papallacta sp.n., L. parallelipennis sp.n., and L. sphaerotheca sp.n. (L. caenosa group); L. angulispina sp.n., L. cymatonota sp.n., L. hexadike sp.n., L. kanata sp.n., L. neofinalis sp.n., L. neovomerata sp.n., and L. tenuispina sp.n. (L. fontinalis group); L. dicrofulva sp.n., L. insularum sp.n., L. prolixofulva sp.n., and L. rhadinofulva sp.n. (L. fulva group); L. plax sp.n., L. posteronitens sp.n., and L. tapanti sp.n. (L. plax group). Leptocera pararoralis Duda is given new status as subspecies of L. erythrocera Becker. Lectotypes are designated for L. aequilimbata Duda, L. pararoralis Duda, L. abdominiseta Duda and L. scutellaris (Williston) [= L. discalis (Malloch)]. The relationship between Leptocera and its putative sister genus Rachispoda is discussed in detail. Based on a newly hypothesized transformation series of the male cercus, Leptocera is probably paraphyletic with regard to Rachispoda. Putative synapomorphies for the different species groups of Leptocera are discussed and monophyly is demonstrated for all groups except the L. fontinalis group.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".