Beekeeping, Wellbeing, Transformative Change: Development Benefits According to Small Farmers in Vietnam
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper seeks to show the important influence of design, both on the outcomes of an intervention and on the nature of information gathered for the research and the quality and depth of the resulting analysis. The paper presents the serendipitous findings of an evaluation of a donor-funded project in Vietnam seeking to enhance rural livelihoods among small farmers through modern beekeeping. Among the innovations introduced was the use of light, movable hive frames. Using mixed methods and combining audit and participatory approaches, we probed into the process of diffusion, that is, the type of training provided, post-training technical assistance and the associated benefits and opportunity costs. A sociometric survey was complemented with key informant and focus group interviews. The survey results indicated successful diffusion of the innovation beyond the target group and project site. The interview results allow us to suggest that the successful diffusion of beekeeping innovations in this Project can be partly explained by the fact that beekeeping increased household incomes from the sale of beekeeping products, but further, it also enhanced the participants' wellbeing as recorded by improved health, happier family relations, maintenance of cultural tradition and greater community respect. Keywords: beekeeping, wellbeing, Vietnam small scale farmers, participatory evaluation, mixed methods. -------------------------------------------------- Cet article cherche a demontrer l'importance de l'influence du design, tant dans les consequences d'une intervention que sur la nature de l' information collectee pour la recherche et la qualite ainsi que la portee des analyses obtenues. Cet article presente les constats inattendus d'une evaluation d'un projet finance par des donateurs au Vietnam, cherchant a ameliorer les conditions de vie rurales de petits fermiers a l' apiculture moderne. Parmi les innovations introduites, il y a l'utilisation de cadres de ruches legers et mobiles. A l'aide de methodes mixtes et en combinant l'audit et les approches participatives, nous avons explore le processus de diffusion, c est a dire le type de formation fournie, une assistance technique post-formation, les avantages associes et les couts d'opportunites. Une enquete sociometrique fut completee avec un informateur cle et des groupes de discussion. Les resultats de l'enquete indiquent le succes de la diffusion de l'innovation au dela du groupe cible et du site de projet. Les resultats de l'entrevue nous permettent de suggerer que le succes de la diffusion des innovations apicoles de ce projet peut etre en partie explique par le fait que l'apiculture a augmente les revenus domestiques via la vente des produites apicoles, et de plus, il a permis aux personnes impliquees d'ameliorer leur bien-etre grâce a la sante, a de meilleures relations familiales, au maintien des traditions culturelles et a un plus grand respect communautaire.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".