Ukrainian Ethnicity and Language Interactions in Saskatchewan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper explores the reported ethnic self-identity of Saskatchewan residents with Ukrainian ancestry, the role of the Ukrainian language in this identity, and the correlation between the factors of ethnic identity, Ukrainian language proficiency, age, gender, and generation. The results show that most participants (Saskatchewan residents with Ukrainian ancestry) identify themselves as “Ukrainian Canadians,” about a quarter of respondents identify themselves as “Ukrainian,” and about 15% as “Canadian.” The results confirm the importance of language in the construction of ethnicity. Most individuals with self-identified “Ukrainian” and “Ukrainian Canadian” ethnicities had Ukrainian as their sole mother tongue in childhood, whereas individuals who self-identify as “Canadian” did not. The use and knowledge of Ukrainian, as well as the level of comfort with the language, are the highest in the “Ukrainian” ethnic group, followed by the “Ukrainian Canadian” group, and are the lowest in the “Canadian” and “Other” groups. The study shows that the immigrant generation, gender, and experience with bilingual schools are also contributing social factors in perceived ethnic self-identity. The results suggest that the opportunities to take Ukrainian language courses in Saskatchewan could be improved. The study helps to establish the components of Ukrainian Canadian ethnicity and explore its diversity and complexity, particularly in relationship to the maintenance of the Ukrainian language. Dans cet article, nous explorons l’identité ethnique auto-déclarée des résidents de la Saskatchewan d’origine ukrainienne, le rôle de la langue maternelle dans cette identification et la corrélation entre ces divers facteurs : identité ethnique, maîtrise de l’ukrainien, âge, genre et génération. Il ressort de notre étude que les participants, (les résidents ci-dessus) s’identifient pour la plupart aux “Ukrainiens Canadiens”, un quart d’entre aux comme “Ukrainiens” et environ 15% aux “Canadiens”. Ces résultats confirment l’importance de la langue dans la construction identitaire : la plupart des personnes qui se voient ethniquement comme “Ukrainiens” ou “Canadiens ukrainiens” ne parlaient que la leur dans leur enfance, alors que celles qui se perçoivent comme “Canadiens” ne le faisaient pas. Ainsi, le degré auquel les participants ont recours à leur langue maternelle, la connaissent et la parlent avec aisance est le plus élevé dans le groupe ethnique “ukrainien”, suivi par celui des “Canadiens ukrainiens”, et il est le plus bas chez les “Canadiens” et groupes “autres”. D’après cette étude, les facteurs sociaux que sont la génération de ces immigrants, leur genre et leur expérience dans des écoles d’immersion ukrainiennes ont aussi contribué à renforcer ce qui est à leurs yeux leur identité ethnique. Les résultats donnent à penser qu’on pourrait accroître les occasions de suivre des cours d’ukrainien en Saskatchewan. Cette étude aide à établir les composantes de l’ethnicité canadienne ukrainienne et permet de sonder sa diversité et sa complexité, particulièrement en relation avec le maintien de la langue maternelle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".