Sex‐specific effect of progesterone on hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) in newborn rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Progesterone (P) is a respiratory stimulant in adults. Since preterm babies are chronically deprived from placental P and exhibit delayed development of respiratory control and respiratory disorders affecting particularly males, our hypothesis is that there is a sex‐specific effect of P on respiratory control development. Lactating female rats were implanted with osmotic minipump delivering P or vehicle during postnatal days 1–14. Respiratory and metabolic studies were performed using whole body plethysmography in male and female rats at postnatal days 3 (P3) and 12 (P12) under normoxia and hypoxia (10% O2). There was no apparent effect of P in P3 pups, but P decreased ventilation and metabolic rate in P12 females. P increased HVR in P12 rats: slightly in males and dramatically in females. Moreover, in P12 P totally abolished the inhibitory effect of a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist (domperidone injected ip) on HVR in males. In P12 females domperidone injection did not completely abolished the effects of P on HVR. These results suggest that P accelerates the maturation of HVR and induces sex‐specific effects on peripheral chemoreceptors neurochemistry. Founded by FRSQ, Sick Kids Foundation, CIHR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".