Lackawanna WWTP Elimination - A study of Potential Impacts on Smokes Creek and the Buffalo Sewer System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study presents the results of numerical modeling performed in support of the evaluation of the feasibility of conveying sanitary wastewater flows handled by the Erie County Sewer District (ECSD) No. 6 Lackawanna wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to the Buffalo Sewer Authority's (BSA) Bird Island WWTP for treatment.A coupled hydrologic-hydraulic-hydrodynamic-water quality numerical modeling approach was developed to capture and evaluate the range of potential environmental benefits and the impacts of eliminating discharge from the Lackawanna WWTP to Smokes Creek.The results showed that over 95% of the ammonia and TKN (total Kjehdahl nitrogen) loadings would be removed from lower Smokes Creek.Lead and zinc concentrations would be reduced by approximately two-thirds.Eliminating the Lackawanna WWTP discharges would result in only minor reductions in existing Smokes Creek flow velocities and water levels.The potential impacts of redirecting the ECSD No. 6 flows to the BSA were evaluated using the BSA's XPSWMM model of its sewer system.The results showed that the Bird Island WWTP would be well suited to accept sanitary wastewater flows from ECSD No. 6.The Bird Island WWTP excess capacity would only be reduced by about 10% to treat flows from ECSD No. 6, thus maintaining flexibility.Potential additional combined sewer
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".