Abstract TP51: Decreased Internal Cerebral Vein Filling - A New Radiographic Sign of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: CT signs of acute ischemic stroke focus on parenchymal and arterial lesions. Little is known about venous changes. The aim of this study was to determine the value of decreased deep venous outflow as a predictor of acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: Multimodal CT findings of 182 patients presenting for acute stroke evaluation within 4.5 hours of symptom onset were retrospectively reviewed for evidence of deep venous outflow changes. Interhemispheric symmetry of internal cerebral vein (ICV) opacification on CT angiogram was assessed by 3 raters. Discharge diagnosis, neurological assessment details, and radiographic data were extracted from electronic hospital records, and radiology reports. RESULTS: Of 182 patients included in the study, 46 showed diminished ICV opacification (dICV) on the side of the expected ischemic lesion. Anterior circulation stroke was diagnosed in 87% of dICV cases, but in only 31% of subjects with ICV symmetry (sICV), suggesting a strong correlation of dICV with ipsilateral anterior circulation infarction (P<0.0001). Patients with dICV presented with greater neurologic impairment (NIHSS 14±1.0 vs. 6±0.8, P<0.0001), proximal arterial lesions, and lower ASPECTS (8±0.3 vs. 9±0.2, P=0.0022). In 48 patients who had a CT perfusion scan at the time of initial evaluation (dICV N=20 vs. sICV N=28), dICV was associated with larger perfusion defects: mean transit time ASPECTS 3±0.7 vs. 8±0.3 (P<0.0001), cerebral blood flow ASPECTS 3±0.8 vs. 8±0.5 (P<0.0001), and cerebral blood volume ASPECTS 7±0.7 vs. 9±0.2 (P=0.006). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of dICV for anterior circulation stroke were 48%, 94%, and 87% respectively. Inter-rater agreement was very good with a free marginal kappa of 0.75. CONCLUSION: Decreased ICV may be a useful radiographic sign of ipsilateral acute ischemic stroke and a marker of a large cerebral territory at risk of infarction. Prospective studies are needed to help validate this finding, and its role in predicting stroke outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".