Role of intracellular Ca2+ overload in inducing changes in cardiac gene expression
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Although intracellular Ca2+ overload is believed to cause cardiac abnormalities and subcellular remodelling, its role in inducing alterations in cardiac gene expression has not been investigated. METHODS: Intracellular Ca2+ overload was induced in isolated rat hearts on perfusion with Ca2+-free medium for 5 min followed by reperfusion with medium containing different concentrations of Ca2+ for 30 min (Ca2+paradox). Changes in messenger RNA levels for various subcellular proteins were monitored either by Northern blotting or real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques. RESULTS: Marked depressions in gene expression for sarcolemma Na+- K+-ATPase and Na+-Ca2+ exchanger, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-pump ATPase, Ca2+ release channel and phospholamban, as well as myofibrillar α- and β-myosin heavy chain proteins were observed in hearts reperfused with 1.25 mM Ca2+ following perfusion with Ca2+-free medium. In contrast, messenger RNA levels for calpain-1 and -2 proteins were elevated in hearts subjected to Ca2+paradox. These changes were dependent on the concentration of Ca2+ in the reperfusion medium. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that intracellular Ca2+ overload is an important factor in the induction of defects in gene expression, subcellular remodelling and cardiac dysfunction in heart disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".