Strain Localization and Fracture of Cylindrical Ice Specimens Under Confining Pressure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A group of laboratory tests were conducted at Memorial University of Newfoundland with cylindrical ice specimens. The specimens were made with both laboratory ice and iceberg ice. In each test, the cylindrical specimen was triaxially confined at different pressure levels and an external constant deviatoric stress was exerted in the longitudinal direction. During the tests, some specimens showed a band of strain location in some cases leading to shear fracture. All those specimen showing strain localization or shear fracture made of laboratory ice were confined at relative low pressure levels ( ≤ 10 MPa) or high pressure levels ( ≥ 50 MPa). There was no strain localization or shear fracture observed at medium confinement levels. Strain localization or shear fracture observed in specimens made of iceberg ice was less pressure-dependent but initial flaws were observed in each specimen before the tests. Analysis shows that nonhomogeneity in the specimen is the likely cause of the localization. This has been confirmed by finite element simulations.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".