Characterization and antipathogenic evaluation of a novel quaternary phosphonium tripolyacrylamide and elucidation of the inactivation mechanisms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To mitigate the crisis of pathogen-caused disease outbreaks, developing novel disinfection agents with broad-spectrum antipathogenic performance is a severe task. In this work, an antipathogenic tripolyacrylamide containing aliphatic quaternary phosphonium salt (QPS) was prepared. To confirm the broad-spectrum antipathogenic activity of the as-prepared polymer, the in vitro antibacterial performance was evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and viral inactivation was assessed against influenza virus and adenovirus as well. The polymers exhibited higher bactericidal activity against S. aureus than E. coli in terms of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), while possessing much lower MIC values compared with their corresponding compound. The morphological alterations in polymer treated E. coli, captured by atomic force microscopy, confirmed the membrane-acting antibacterial mechanism of polymeric QPS. The plaque reduction assay performed on influenza virus and adenovirus demonstrated the as-prepared tripolymer could efficiently inactivate both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, and the two different antiviral mechanisms were elucidated correspondingly. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 747-757, 2016.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".