Increased risk of cardiovascular disease in giant cell arteritis: a general population–based study
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of newly recorded myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke among incident GCA cases compared with controls from the general population. We also evaluated time trends during follow-up. METHODS: We conducted a matched cohort study (1996-2010) of all patients with incident GCA from the province of British Columbia, Canada. We estimated incidence rates of MI and stroke according to GCA disease duration. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs), adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Among 809 individuals with GCA (mean age 75.9 years, 75.8% female), 83 developed MI and 60 developed stroke, with corresponding incidence rates of 38.1 and 26.4/1000 person-years, respectively. Compared with non-GCA cases, the age-, sex- and entry time-matched HRs were 2.75 (95% CI 2.16, 3.50) for MI and 2.21 (95% CI 1.68, 2.91) for stroke. When other covariates were adjusted for, the corresponding HRs were 1.77 (95% CI 1.29, 2.43) and 2.04 (95% CI 1.43, 2.93). The age-, sex- and entry time-matched HRs for MI and stroke were highest during the first year after GCA diagnosis [4.76 (95% CI 3.29, 6.88) and 3.20 (95% CI 2.11, 4.87), respectively]. CONCLUSION: These findings provide general population-based evidence that GCA patients are at a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Increased monitoring for this potentially fatal outcome and its modifiable risk factors is warranted for GCA patients.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it