An expanded study of the relationship between osteopontin, tumor pO<sub>2</sub> and prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
5521 Background: We have previously found a correlation between osteopontin (OPN), tumor oxygenation (pO2) and prognosis in 54 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Here, we expanded the study to further evaluate these relationships. Methods: Between October 1998 and March 2004, 139 patients with newly diagnosed HNSCC were prospectively enrolled in this study. Plasma OPN levels were assessed in all patients by an ELISA method. Tumor pO2 measurements were performed in 86 patients using the Eppendorf microelectrode. The relationship between plasma OPN level and tumor pO2 was determined using Spearman’s rank correlation. The associations of freedom from relapse (FFR) and overall survival (OS) with OPN, tumor pO2, and other independent variables were explored using univariate log rank tests, and confirmed with multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. The median follow up for all patients was 15.4 months (range: 1 - 70). Results: The median OPN level for the entire group was 495 ng/ml (range: 22 - 1521). There was an inverse correlation between plasma OPN levels and median tumor pO2 (rho = -0.23, p = 0.03) and a direct correlation between OPN and hypoxic fraction < 5 mmHg (rho = 0.26, p = 0.01), though the correlation coefficients were not as strong as previously observed. Two year FFR and OS for the entire group were 59% and 62%, respectively. Using a cut off value of 450 ng/ml, OPN continued to be a strong prognostic factor for FFR and OS; for patients with OPN ≤ 450 ng/ml vs. > 450 ng/ml, the 2-year FFR and OS rates were 70% vs. 49% and 78% vs. 48%, respectively (p = 0.017 and p < 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, younger age, oropharyngeal tumor location, lower T- and N-stage, and radiotherapy were significant prognostic factors for better FFR and OS; OPN was significant for OS (p = 0.004), but not for FFR (p = 0.14). Conclusions: In this expanded study, plasma OPN levels continue to correlate with tumor pO2 parameters, though the correlation was weaker. More importantly, OPN persists as a significant independent prognostic marker in HNSCC, suggesting that it is a potential target for anticancer therapy. (supported by USPHS Grant CA 67166, Kaplan Fellowship, and Alberta Cancer Board Fellowship) No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".