Discards and revenues in multispecies groundfish trawl fisheries managed by trip limits on the U.S. West Coast and by ITQs in British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The problem of multispecies fisheries, in which more productive and less productive species are caught together, is approached differently in the multispecies groundfish trawl fisheries of the U.S. West Coast and British Columbia (B.C.). In 1997 their management systems diverged: the former continued using trip limits, but the latter turned to individual transferable quotas (ITQs) combined with full observer coverage and the deduction of marketable discard mortality from quotas. U.S. requirements to rebuild overfished West Coast species have led to reduced trip limits, restrictions on fishing gear, and large area closures, which have decreased catches of species that are not overfished, increased discards of marketable fish, and decreased per-vessel groundfish income to US$220,000. In B.C., total catches have remained stable while individual incentives to retain marketable catches and to improve economic efficiency resulted in low marketable discard fractions, increased ex-vessel prices, and higher per-vessel revenue (US$420,000–US$500,000). If the B.C. system were implemented in the West Coast fishery, total revenue would probably improve through increased use of species that are not overfished, lower marketable discard fractions, and higher ex-vessel prices. Revenue increases may be hampered by restrictions imposed by the overfished species, but would probably exceed the additional observer costs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".