CANADIAN CONTRACT AND TORT LAW: THE CONCEPT OF FORCE MAJEURE IN QUEBEC AND ITS COMMON LAW EQUIVALENT
Bibliographic record
Abstract
English Abstract: The present article constitutes a comparative legal study of Canadian tort and contract law concepts. It comments on the concept of force majeure contained in article 1470 of the Quebec civil code and seeks to identify its Canadian common law equivalent in the fields of contract and tort law. Common law terms examined in this regard are the frustration doctrine, and the act of God and inevitable accident defenses. The intent of the author is to discover the main differences and similarities between the examined concepts.French Abstract: Cet article constitue une etude de droit compare de certains concepts qui sous-tendent le droit de la responsabilite civile extracontractuelle et contractuelle au Canada. Le texte analyse la notion de force majeure que l’on retrouve a l'article 1470 du Code civil du Quebec et tente d’identifier, en common law, les theories equivalentes. Les concepts etudies en common law touchant ce moyen de defense sont : l’impossibilite d’agir, les faits de la nature et l’accident inevitable. L’auteur tente de decouvrir les differences et les similitudes principales entre ces diverses notions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".