Mast cells increase in number following muscle overload but their activation is not critical to the angiogenic process
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, mast cells reside in close proximity to capillaries and release factors capable of initiating angiogenesis. Overload (OL) of skeletal muscle induces angiogenesis as evidenced by increased capillary to muscle fibre ratio (C:F). We determined if mast cells play a role in the angiogenic response to muscle OL. OL of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) was induced in male rats through extirpation of the tibialis anterior muscle. EDL was removed after 1, 2, 4 and 7 days of OL and stained with toluidine blue to visualize mast cells. Mast cell number in OL muscle did not differ from that seen in sham animals at the 1, 2 and 4 day timepoints but was significantly increased following 7 days OL. To determine if mast cells are critical to the angiogenic response, animals received Cromolyn (Cr) (160mg/kg), an inhibitor of mast cell degranulation, by i.p. injection pre‐surgery and again one day post surgery. 14 days OL and 14 days OL + Cr significantly increased C:F compared to sham + vehicle (2.64±0.13 and 2.48±0.10 vs. 1.69±0.06). Matrix metalloproteinase‐2 protein was assessed as it is crucial to OL‐induced angiogenesis. Levels were elevated after 7 days OL and 7 days OL + Cr compared to sham + vehicle (1.64±0.20 and 1.49±0.17 vs. 1.11±0.16). Our results indicate that EDL mast cell number increases after 7 days OL. However, mast cell activation is not critical to the angiogenic response. Funding by NSERC and OGS. Grant Funding Source NSERC
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".