<i>In Situ</i> Reactive Assembly of Scalable Core–Shell Sulfur–MnO<sub>2</sub> Composite Cathodes
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The lithium-sulfur battery is the subject of much recent attention, but the polysulfide shuttle remains problematic owing to dissolution of intermediate polysulfide species in the electrolyte. Despite much effort in limiting such dissolution via physical confinement or chemical binding to the sulfur host materials, the high cost and complicated preparation of the related materials present an impediment to their practical application. Here we demonstrate a simple methodology to fabricate an effective nanometric MnO2 shell on sulfur particles, which is realized by an in situ redox reaction between sulfur and KMnO4 under ambient conditions. The bifunctional MnO2 shell provides physical confinement and chemical interaction and shows excellent efficiency for trapping the polysulfides. MnO2 sheets crystallized onto nanosized sulfur particles result in cathodes with a very low fading rate of 0.039% per cycle over 1700 cycles in Li-S cells. Moreover, directly crystallizing nanometric shells of MnO2 on micrometer-sized sublimed sulfur delivers stable Li-S cycling performance over 800 cycles. Since both sulfur and KMnO4 are inexpensive and widely used, the production of MnO2-coated sulfur composites can be easily scaled-up for practical applications of Li-S batteries in light of the very simple reaction processes involved.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it