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Record W2277673962

Understanding culture and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa : original article

2013· article· en· W2277673962 on OpenAlexaff
Steven Sovran

Bibliographic record

VenueSAHARA : Journal of Social Aspects of HIV / AIDS Research Alliance · 2013
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicHIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsEthnocentrismContext (archaeology)Causality (physics)EthnologyHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)PopulationDiseasePolitical scienceSociologyDemographyGeographyMedicineAnthropologyImmunology
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Early in the study of HIV/AIDS, culture was invoked to explain differences in the disease patterns between sub-Saharan Africa and Western countries. Unfortunately, in an attempt to explain the statistics, many of the presumed risk factors were impugned in the absence of evidence. Many cultural practices were stripped of their meanings, societal context and historical positioning and transformed into cofactors of disease. Other supposedly beneficial cultural traits were used to explain the absence of disease in certain populations, implicitly blaming victims in other groups. Despite years of study, assumptions about culture as a cofactor in the spread of HIV/AIDS have persisted, despite a lack of empirical evidence. In recent years, more and more ideas about cultural causality have been called into question, and often disproved by studies. Thus, in light of new evidence, a review of purported cultural causes of disease, enhanced by an understanding of the differences between individual and population risks, is both warranted and long overdue. The preponderance of evidence suggests that culture as a singular determinant in the African epidemic of HIV/AIDS falls flat when disabused of its biased and ethnocentric assumptions. Aux debuts des etudes sur le VIH/SIDA, la culture a ete invoquee pour expliquer les differences entre le profil epidemiologique de l'Afrique subsaharienne et celui des pays occidentaux. Malheureusement, dans une tentative d'expliquer les statistiques, bon nombre des facteurs de risque presumes ont ete contestes en l'absence de preuve. De nombreuses pratiques culturelles ont ete denuees de leur sens, et de contexte social et historique pour etre transformees en cofacteurs de la maladie. D'autres traits culturels censement benefiques ont servi a expliquer l'absence de maladie au sein de certaines populations, ce qui, de maniere implicite, a lance le blâme sur les victimes d'autres groupes. Malgre des annees d'etudes et le manque de preuve empirique, les presomptions selon lesquelles la culture serait un cofacteur dans la propagation du VIH/SIDA persistent. Au cours des annees recentes, de plus en plus de theories sur la causalite culturelle ont ete remises en question et souvent, ont ete refutees par des etudes. Ainsi, a la lumiere de nouvelles preuves, un examen des pretendues causes culturelles de la maladie, reposant sur une comprehension des differences entre le risque individuel et le risque attribuable dans la population est non seulement justifie, mais egalement attendu depuis fort longtemps. Selon la preponderance des preuves, considerer la culture comme seul determinant de l'epidemie de VIH/SIDA en Afrique ne tient pas quand les hypotheses biaisees et ethnocentriques sont ecartees.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.105
Threshold uncertainty score0.815

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.111
GPT teacher head0.319
Teacher spread0.207 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2013
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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