A Comparative Study of Modernizing Government and Public Service Reforms: Analysis of the "Canada Model" and the Lessons for Japan(in Japanese)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the past twenty years many industrialized nations have initiated various administrative reform strategies to reduce deficit and to revitalize national economy. Based on the assumption that only economic rationality can improve services, political leaders immediately effected the privatization, deregulation and outsourcing of public service delivery with the emphasis on the use of corporate management measures in public administration. These reform measures called the Public Management [NPM for brevity] arrived in Japan in the late 1990's, although the same was already very successful in countries like the UK and New Zealand. Nonetheless, questions against the NPM have occurred in Europe. Scholars and practitioners criticized it for resulting to the fragmentation of governmental services and the decline in the public's trust on the The Joined-Up initiative in the UK and later a chorus of the whole of government in Australia and New Zealand are the representatives of the new reform proposals under a cover of the Modernizing government. A mixture of the NPM and the Modernizing government reform measures had a great impact on the civil service reforms in the world. The devolution of personnel management authority to the line managers, abolition of permanent employment system and performance management became popular among OECD countries in the late 1990's. While the total number of Japanese civil servants is the least among the OECD countries, no major change has taken place in Japan's civil service management system for quite a long period of time and while the trust on the bureaucracy and the popularity of jobs are now in the decline. Finally, this paper discusses Japan's reform agenda for its civil service system through the analysis of reform experiences in other advanced countries and with special attention to the Canadian experience in public service reform in the 1990's.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.015 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".