Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present article characterizes the architecture of timber-framing houses, summarizes the history of genesis and development of the framing construction system, presents construction materials, used in the building of timber-framing houses, describes structural construction technologies, paying closer attention to modern approaches in the renovation of historic buildings and in the construction of new timber-framing houses, reveals reasons for popularity growth of framing in the 20th – beginning 21st centuries in several countries around the world. A massive rising interest to the framing is caused by the entry of new construction technologies and materials, allowing the use of steel, aluminum alloys and even armed concrete instead of wood in a timber framing, as well as building houses with large floor-to-ceiling windows. The 21st century does not predict at least yet to add any new structural versions into timber framing architecture. At the same time there is a possibility to invent solid transparent supporting material for a frame. After inventing such material, building of entirely transparent timber-framing houses would become possible. The article emphasizes that framing achieved the greatest progress in monochrome cultures – Scandinavian and Germanic nations and states that culture (traditions, mentality, mode of life etc.) rather than environmental conditions is determining in the outspread of timber framing architecture. While, for instance, European settlers managed to adjust framing to severe conditions of Canada, Russian timber framing carpentry has not developed up until now. The object of the article is to determine progressive features of timber framing architecture that could be applicable in modern housing. The novelty of the research is in enhancement of approach to the study of timber framing architecture due to the use of new architectural concepts, which came to life in 2014–2015: “architecture of aurality”, “architecture of error”, “architecture as reflection of politics”, precision and accuracy ratio in architecture, designing with regard to cynology and felinology.Keywords: Architecture, Construction, Construction Ecology, Framing, Material Science, Technology
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".